Aspectos moleculares de la apoptosis y su inhibición en células infectadas con Rickettsia rickettsii

Autores

Ana Patricia Fernández-Sánchez

RESUMEN

Las células son capaces de reconocer el daño generado en sus organelas y si este resulta irreparable, inician el proceso de muerte celular programada llamado apoptosis. Una regulación aberrante de la apoptosis puede llevar a una acumulación celular patológica o a una pérdida inapropiada de células, lo que conlleva a enfermedades autoinmunes. Además, el proceso de apoptosis es un determinante crítico en la progresión de enfermedades microbianas, ya que si este proceso se logra inhibir en células infectadas por microorganismos intracelulares, estos tendrán un lugar donde replicarse y sobrevivir. Este es el caso de la infección causada por la bacteria Rickettsia rickettsii, donde se ha demostrado mediante diversos ensayos in vitro, que las células infectadas por esta bacteria poseen una menor sensibilidad a estímulos apoptóticos. En esta revisión se resumirán los aspectos moleculares que llevan a la muerte celular dada por apoptosis y se presenta cómo la bacteria intracelular Rickettsia rickettsii logra inhibir la apoptosis en las células que infecta.

Palabras clave

Autofagia, apoptosis, caspasas, muerte celular, Rickettsia rickettsii

ABSTRACT

Cells are able to recognize the damage generated in its organelles and if this damage is irreparable, they initiate a process of programmed death cell called apoptosis. An aberrant regulation of apoptosis can lead to a pathological cell accumulation or an inappropriate loss of cells, which leads to autoimmune diseases. In addition, the process of apoptosis is a critical determinant in the progression of microbial diseases. If this process is inhibited in cells infected with intracellular microorganisms, they will replicate and survive. This is the case of the infection caused by the bacterium Rickettsia rickettsii, where various in vitro assays have proven that cells infected with this bacteria possess a lower sensitivity to apoptotic stimuli. Molecular aspects that lead to cell death by apoptosis will be summarized in this review and it will also present how the intracellular bacterium Rickettsia rickettsia is able to inhibit apoptosis in the cells it infects.

Keywords

Autophagy, apoptosis, caspases, cell death, Rickettsia rickettsii
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