Terapia transfusional de Glóbulos Rojos en Pediatría. Aspectos significativos para su practica.

Autores

Manrique Fonseca Salazar1

RESUMEN

El diagnostico de anemia y la necesidad de transfusión en Pediatría son actividades desafiantes para los profesionales de salud involucrados en este proceso, ya que difieren en varios aspectos, con respecto a otros grupos etarios. Las guías especializadas a nivel global presentan variabilidad en cuanto a la forma de calcular el volumen, características del producto a transfundir, y momento de inicio de la terapia. Por otra parte, los esquemas restrictivos y liberales se debaten entre los beneficios y efectos adversos a corto y largo plazo; razón por la cual muchos ensayos no colectivizan una actividad que es individual, donde los efectos potenciales de la anemia deben equilibrarse con el beneficio o perjuicio de las transfusiones El presente artículo recopila información de varias fuentes, estudios y trabajos internacionales acerca del tema y tiene como objetivo presentar a los colegas, mediante un fuerte contenido científico y sólida evidencia, la razón de estos puntos de vista en la práctica de la terapia transfusional para incrementar su seguridad y efectividad, a la vez que se disminuye la exposición antigénica e incidencia de efectos adversos dada por las características de los hemocomponentes, aclarando siempre que estas ideas no representan un sustituto de guía o lineamiento.

Palabras clave

Anemia, Transfusión, Globulos Rojos Empacados, neonatos, neonato pre termino, Hemoglobina, pruebas pre transfusionales.

ABSTRACT

The diagnosis of anemia and the need for transfusion in Pediatrics are challenging activities for health professionals involved in this process, since they differ in several aspects with respect to other age groups. The specialized guidelines at a global level present variability in terms of the way of calculating the volume, characteristics of the product to be transfused, and time of initiation of therapy. On the other hand, restrictive and liberal schemes are torn between benefits and adverse effects in the short and long term; which is why many trials do not collectivize an activity that is individual, where the potential effects of anemia must be balanced with the benefit or harm of transfusions This article compiles information from various sources, studies and international works on the subject and aims to present to colleagues, through strong scientific content and solid evidence, the reason for these points of view in the practice of transfusion therapy to increase its safety and effectiveness, while reducing antigenic exposure and incidence of adverse effects due to the characteristics of the blood components, always clarifying that these ideas do not represent a substitute for guidance or guidelines.

Keywords

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