Parasitosis debidas a helmintos intestinales: una actualización sobre su abordaje y tratamiento farmacológico en Costa Rica

Autores

Alberto Solano-Barquero, Dennis León-Alán

RESUMEN

En Costa Rica, se tiene la percepción de que las helmintiasis intestinales son muy poco prevalentes en todo el territorio nacional. Esfuerzos de diagnósticos más precisos en comunidades vulnerables a las parasitosis intestinales en Costa Rica, revelan que estas siguen siendo muy prevalentes. Se acepta que el tener parasitosis intestinales en los niños contribuye significativamente a la anemia, malnutrición, bajo peso, un desarrollo físico y cognitivo más lentos o deficientes. Diversos factores están relacionados con un abordaje no óptimo de las helmintiasis en nuestro país, y parte de estos factores tienen que ver con las técnicas diagnósticas utilizadas, el tipo y cantidad de información que manejan los profesionales de salud de atención primaria con respecto a detalles del ciclo de vida de los parásitos y el uso incorrecto de los fármacos antiparasitarios. En esta revisión, se ha recopilado la información actualizada disponible sobre el manejo de las helmintiasis intestinales más importantes en Costa Rica; además, se incluye el tratamiento farmacológico de estas.

Palabras clave

Parásitos intestinales, diagnóstico, Ascaris lumbricoides, helmintos intestinales diagnóstico, abordaje, terapéutico, tratamiento, fármacos, farmacoterapia, antiparasitarios , uncinarias, Trichocephalus trichiurus, Strongyloides stercoralis, Taenia solium, Hymenolepis nana, Hymenolepis diminuta,

ABSTRACT

In Costa Rica, there is a general perception that intestinal parasites are of minor concern because of its low incidence and prevalence in the whole territory. More accurate parasitological diagnosis in vulnerable communities of Costa Rica, which have several of risk factors, reveal that prevalence of parasites continue to be high. It is accepted that having intestinal parasites contributes significantly to anemia, malnutrition, low weight and suboptimal physical and cognitive development. There is a myriad of factors that explain why in Costa Rica the helminthiases are poorly analyzed and treated. Among those factors we can cite insufficient diagnostic work, gaps in medical training in relation to parasitic diseases, misuse of antiparasitic drugs. In this review we have compiled updated information on how to make a better approach and treatment of intestinal parasitic diseases caused by helminths.

Keywords

Trichocephalus trichiurus, Strongyloides stercoralis, Taenia solium, Hymenolepis nana, Hymenolepis diminuta, Intestinal parasites, diagnostics, intestinal helminths, hookworms, diagnosis, therapeutic approach, treatment, drugs, pharmacotherapy, antiparasitic
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