Encuesta sobre diferimiento del donante de sangre por anemia: Predictores y estrategias desarrolladas para las posteriores donaciones.

Autores

César Cerdas-Quesada

RESUMEN

Los donantes habituales de sangre corren el riesgo de sufrir deficiencia de hierro, pero las características que predisponen a esta afección no están bien definidas. La deficiencia de hierro prevalece en las poblaciones de donantes de sangre donde hasta el 39%, el 22% y el 9% de las mujeres premenopáusicas que donan con frecuencia, las mujeres posmenopáusicas y los hombres pueden tener deficiencia de hierro, respectivamente. Se envió al donante posterior a las visitas a sus centros de trabajo o estudio (centros de donación extramurales) vía correo electrónico entre junio de 2017 y enero de 2018. Se enviaron 876 correos electrónicos a donantes de las colectas externas del Banco de Sangre del Hospital La Católica llevadas a cabo en 23 empresas, de las cuales se completaron 476 encuestas. El diferimiento por anemia entre los donantes fue del 6% y los factores asociados a estos donantes incluyeron alta frecuencia de donación, sexo, consumo de tabletas de hierro y dietas restrictivas. La deficiencia de hierro es un problema importante y es necesario realizar más estudios para medir los depósitos de hierro y valorar la ampliación del intervalo entre donaciones de sangre y el uso de suplementos para potenciar la recuperación de los depósitos.

Palabras clave

Donantes voluntarios de sangre, deficiencia de hierro, nivel dehemoglobina, encuesta de donantes de sangre

ABSTRACT

Regular blood donors are at risk of iron deficiency but characteristics that predispose to this condition are poorly defined. Iron deficiency is prevalent in blood donor populations where up to 39%, 22% and 9% of frequently donating premenopausal women, postmenopausal women and men may be iron-deficient, respectively. The survey was sent to the donor after the donation at their work or study centers (extramural donation centers) via email between June 2017 and January 2018. 876 emails were sent to donors of the Blood Bank of the Hospital La Catolica carried out in 23 companies, of which 476 surveys were completed. Deferred anemia among donors was 6% and the factors associated with these donors included high frequency of donation, sex, consumption of iron tablets and consumption of meat. Iron deficiency is a major problem and further studies are needed to measure iron stores and the increase of the interval between blood donations and the use of supplements to enhance the recovery of deposits.

Keywords

Regular blood donors are at risk for iron deficiency, but characteristics that predispose this condition are not well defined. Iron deficiency prevails in blood donor populations
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