Linfocitos T con receptor de antígeno quimérico
Autores
Diego Molina-Leiva, Marianela Amador-Araya
Resumen
A los linfocitos T con receptor de antígeno quimérico (CAR, por sus siglas en inglés) se les incorpora el fragmento variable de un anticuerpo monoclonal, cambiando la especificidad del receptor T. Al darse el reconocimiento específico, se activa la célula T colaboradora o citotóxica desarrollando una respuesta T clásica; esta propiedad puede utilizarse para combatir blancos específicos en células alteradas, entre ellas las tumorales. Han pasado casi 30 años desde su descubrimiento y en la actualidad su uso clínico como inmunoterapia comienza a extenderse ampliamente, razón por la cual es importante comprender su concepto, fabricación, acción citotóxica y toxicidad.
Palabras clave
Linfocitos T con receptor de antígeno quimérico, toxicidad, primera generación, segunda generación.Abstract
T lymphocytes with a Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) express the variable region of a monoclonal antibody of known specificity permanently, changing the specificity of the T cell that expresses it becoming reactive to the desired antigenic structure. Upon specific recognition, the recombinant T cell becomes fully activated, proliferates, and then differentiates into specific CD4+ helper or CD8+ cytotoxic T cells programs which ultimately execute their immune capabilities against cells that express such specific antigen. This methodology can be used today in patients to target the patient’s own T cells towards specific relevant molecular clues express by altered cells, e.g. tumor specific antigens expressed by particular tumor cells. It has been almost 30 years since its initial development and its current clinical application as a successful immunotherapy begins to spread widely, which is why its concept, manufacture, cytotoxic action, and toxicities must be understood.
Key words
T lymphocytes with chimeric antigen receptor, toxicity, first generation, second generation.Texto completo
Referencias
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